RADIAL GAS TURBINES

1963, Norway, Jan Mowill initiated the development at Kongsberg Våpenfabrikk. Various successors have made good progress in the refinement of this mechanism. Owing to a configuration that keeps heat away from certain bearings the durability of the machine is improved while the radial turbine is well matched in speed requirement.

Concept
The difference between axial and radial turbines consists in the way the air flows through the components (compressor and turbine). Whereas for an axial turbine the rotor is 'impacted' by the air flow, for a radial turbine, the flow is smoothly orientated at 90 degrees by the compressor towards the combustion chamber and driving the turbine in the same way water drives a watermill. The result is less mechanical and thermal stress which enables a radial turbine to be more simple, more robust and more efficient (in a similar power range as axial turbines). When it comes to high power ranges (above 5 MW) the radial turbine is no longer competitive (heavy and expensive rotor) and the efficiency becomes similar to that of the axial turbines.

Advantages compared to axial turbines
Thanks to lower thermal and mechanical stress on the turbine tips, it is possible to boost power quite significantly by increasing the turbine entry temperature (increasing fuel input) which results in an improved mechanical efficiency. The lower mechanical stresses also enable radial turbines to handle single stage compression and expansion. As a result, the radial turbine does not need to be air cooled, which means that all the air entering the compressor is used only to drive the turbine which gives the radial design a strong advantage for cogeneration applications. Another result of avoiding air cooling is that power and efficiency are kept almost constant during the lifetime of the radial turbine whereas an axial gas turbine needs to be washed often to maintain ISO performance standards. The other advantage of such a simple rotor is that the bearings can be placed at the front, in the cold part, so less lubrication oil is needed, and there are no thermal losses due to lubrication of the hot parts of the rotor.

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